Neuropsychiatric symptoms as early indicators of brain tumors
George-Catalin Morosan
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4025-3304
Andreea-Cătălina Moroșan
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7794-9842
Cătălina Ionescu
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4979-1057
Anca Sava
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4025-3304
Andreea-Cătălina Moroșan
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7794-9842
Cătălina Ionescu
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4979-1057
Anca Sava
Abstract
Brain tumors, despite the high mortality and morbidity, they are a rare type of heterogenous tumors that are highly dependent on sex, age, race, level of education, and socioeconomic status. Due to their high mortality rates, it is important to identify as many potential biomarkers for early detection as the earlier the tumor is discovered, the better the prognosis. One such early biomarker we propose in the current paper is the assessment of anxiety, depression, and cognitive changes. In most cancer patients, a certain degree of anxiety and depression is expected upon receiving the diagnosis as it triggers fears regarding the prognosis, possible side effects of the treatment, and even the possibility of the treatment failing. In this paper we analyzed the way anxiety, depression, and cognitive changes present themselves in the case of several types of tumors and whether these could be used as early markers. We have observed that most of the cognitive changes present are due to the location, size, and type of the tumor with some highly connected to anxiety and depression. Moreover, in the case of certain tumors, the removal of the mass has not improved the mood or cognitive function.
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Keywords
brain tumors, anxiety, depression, cognitive changes, neuropsychiatric symptoms
References
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5. Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, et al. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021 Aug 2;23(8):1231-1251. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab106. PMID: 34185076; PMCID: PMC8328013.
6. Comelli I, Lippi G, Campana V, Servadei F, Cervellin G. Clinical presentation and epidemiology of brain tumors firstly diagnosed in adults in the Emergency Department: a 10-year, single center retrospective study. Ann Transl Med. 2017 Jul;5(13):269. doi: 10.21037/atm.2017.06.12. PMID: 28758095; PMCID: PMC5515810.
7. Chand SP, Marwaha R. Anxiety. 2023 Apr 24. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan–. PMID: 29262212..
8. Szuhany KL, Simon NM. Anxiety Disorders: A Review. JAMA. 2022 Dec 27;328(24):2431-2445. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.22744. PMID: 36573969.
9. Mishra AK, Varma AR. A Comprehensive Review of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Cureus. 2023 Sep 28;15(9):e46115. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46115. PMID: 37900518; PMCID: PMC10612137.
10. Otte C, Gold SM, Penninx BW, et al. Major depressive disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Sep 15;2:16065. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.65. PMID: 27629598.
11. Trifu SC, Trifu AC, Aluaş E, Tătaru MA, Costea RV. Brain changes in depression. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2020 Apr-Jun;61(2):361-370. doi: 10.47162/RJME.61.2.06. PMID: 33544788; PMCID: PMC7864313.
12. Remes O, Mendes JF, Templeton P. Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature. Brain Sci. 2021 Dec 10;11(12):1633. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11121633. PMID: 34942936; PMCID: PMC8699555.
13. Struijs SY, de Jong PJ, Jeronimus BF, et al. Psychological risk factors and the course of depression and anxiety disorders: A review of 15 years NESDA research. J Affect Disord. 2021 Dec 1;295:1347-1359. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.086. PMID: 34706448.
14. Lopizzo N, Bocchio Chiavetto L, Cattane N, et al. Gene-environment interaction in major depression: focus on experience-dependent biological systems. Front Psychiatry. 2015 May 8;6:68. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00068. PMID: 26005424; PMCID: PMC4424810.
15. Gotlib IH, Joormann J. Cognition and depression: current status and future directions. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2010;6:285-312. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305. PMID: 20192795; PMCID: PMC2845726.
16. Marin MF, Lord C, Andrews J, et al. Chronic stress, cognitive functioning and mental health. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2011 Nov;96(4):583-95. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.02.016. PMID: 21376129.
17. Rnic K, Dozois DJ, Martin RA. Cognitive Distortions, Humor Styles, and Depression. Eur J Psychol. 2016 Aug 19;12(3):348-62. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1118. PMID: 27547253; PMCID: PMC4991044.
18. Villalobos D, Pacios J, Vázquez C. Cognitive Control, Cognitive Biases and Emotion Regulation in Depression: A New Proposal for an Integrative Interplay Model. Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 30;12:628416. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628416. PMID: 33995183; PMCID: PMC8119761.
19. van der Meer PB, Dirven L, Hertler C, et al. Depression and anxiety in glioma patients. Neurooncol Pract. 2023 Apr 20;10(4):335-343. doi: 10.1093/nop/npad019. PMID: 37457222; PMCID: PMC10346395.
20. Kasper G, Hart S, Samuel N, Fox C, Das S. Anxiety and depression in patients with intracranial meningioma: a mixed methods analysis. BMC Psychol. 2022 Apr 8;10(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00797-6. PMID: 35395829; PMCID: PMC8994241.
21. Sharma A, Das AK, Jain A, et al. Study of Association of Various Psychiatric Disorders in Brain Tumors. Asian J Neurosurg. 2022 Oct 28;17(4):621-630. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1757437. PMID: 36570750; PMCID: PMC9771634.
22. Rabin EE, Huang J, Kim M, et al. Age-stratified comorbid and pharmacologic analysis of patients with glioblastoma. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2024 Mar 15;38:100753. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100753. PMID: 38600951; PMCID: PMC11004500.
23. Grassi L, Caruso R, Riba MB, et al. Anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline. ESMO Open. 2023 Apr;8(2):101155. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101155. PMID: 37087199; PMCID: PMC10163167.
24. Gibson AW, Graber JJ. Distinguishing and treating depression, anxiety, adjustment, and post-traumatic stress disorders in brain tumor patients. Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Jan;10(1):875-892. doi: 10.21037/apm-20-509. PMID: 32692231.
25. Fellows LK. The functions of the frontal lobes: Evidence from patients with focal brain damage. Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;163:19-34. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804281-6.00002-1. PMID: 31590730.
26. Zahid N, Martins RS, Brown N, et al. Psychosocial factors influencing quality of life in patients with primary brain tumors in Pakistan: an analytical cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2023 May 25;16(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s13104-023-06358-3. PMID: 37231420; PMCID: PMC10210268.
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How to Cite
Morosan, G.-C., Moroșan, A.-C. ., Ionescu, C. ., & Sava, A. (2024). Neuropsychiatric symptoms as early indicators of brain tumors. Archive of Clinical Cases, 11(4), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.22551/2024.45.1104.10302
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How to Cite
Morosan, G.-C., Moroșan, A.-C. ., Ionescu, C. ., & Sava, A. (2024). Neuropsychiatric symptoms as early indicators of brain tumors. Archive of Clinical Cases, 11(4), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.22551/2024.45.1104.10302